Bhagavad-gītā 1.2
Read once with your eyes. Read again aloud.
सञ्जय उवाच दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा। आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत्।।1.2।।
sañjaya uvācha dṛiṣhṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṁ vyūḍhaṁ duryodhanastadā āchāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vachanamabravīt
But then King Duryodhana, having seen the Pândava forces in battle-array, approached his teacher Drona, and spoke these words:
English rendering by Swami Swarupananda. Public domain first edition, 1909.
Build the sentence from its parts
Read across once, then cover the meanings and recover them from the Sanskrit forms.
| Sanskrit form | Meaning here |
|---|---|
| sanjayaḥ uvācha | Sanjay said |
| dṛiṣhṭvā | on observing |
| tu | but |
| pāṇḍava-anīkam | the Pandava army |
| vyūḍham | standing in a military formation |
| duryodhanaḥ | King Duryodhan |
| tadā | then |
| āchāryam | teacher |
| upasaṅgamya | approached |
| rājā | the king |
| vachanam | words |
| abravīt | spoke |
Keep the verse in view while connecting sanjayaḥ uvācha (Sanjay said), tadā (then), and abravīt (spoke). Ask what changes between the first and last term, and how that movement contributes to the crisis that opens the teaching. State the connection in your own words, then check it against Bhagavad-gita 1.2.
Original school explanation. Written independently from the Sanskrit word map. It is not a quotation, translation, or summary of a named modern commentary. Chapter lens: Map the battlefield, speakers, relationships and Arjuna’s reasons before reading later answers backward into the crisis.
Five careful reading routes
The cards below are reading references, not claims about what an acharya says in this verse. Modern wording stays inside authorized editions. Classical commentary will appear only after an independent translation has passed scholarly and rights review.
Meaning map
Follow the thought
- 1
But then King Duryodhana, having seen the Pândava forces in battle-array, approached his teacher Drona
- 2
spoke these words
- 3
sanjayaḥ uvācha: Sanjay said
Look, link, cover, teach
Look
Picture the battlefield.
Link
Use the line starts: sañjaya uvācha / dṛiṣhṭvā tu / āchāryamupasaṅgamya rājā.
Cover
Hide the verse and rebuild one line at a time.
Teach
Explain the flow to another person without looking.
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A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
Bhagavad-gita As It IsFor Bhagavad-gita 1.2, consult the authorized BBT edition. No purport, translation, or author-attributed summary is reproduced here.
Find the authorized editionBhaktivinoda Thakura
Rasika-ranjanaA verified independent rendering for Bhagavad-gita 1.2 has not yet passed scholarly and rights review. Modern translations are not copied here.
Independent rendering pending reviewBaladeva Vidyabhushana
Gita-bhushana-bhashyaThe original work is classical. A newly commissioned or independently prepared translation for Bhagavad-gita 1.2 must be verified before publication.
Independent translation pending reviewVishvanatha Cakravarti Thakura
Sarartha-varshini-tikaThe original work is classical. A newly commissioned or independently prepared translation for Bhagavad-gita 1.2 must be verified before publication.
Independent translation pending reviewOther Gaudiya acharyas
Authorized Gaudiya editionsFor Bhagavad-gita 1.2, later teachers remain a further-reading route. Their wording and distinctive teaching structures require permission or a separate rights review.
Use an authorized edition