Bhagavad-gītā 18.35
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यया स्वप्नं भयं शोकं विषादं मदमेव च।न विमुञ्चति दुर्मेधा धृतिः सा पार्थ तामसी।।18.35।।
yayā svapnaṁ bhayaṁ śhokaṁ viṣhādaṁ madam eva cha na vimuñchati durmedhā dhṛitiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī
And that which clings perversely to false idealism, fear, grief, despair, and vanity is the product of ignorance.
English rendering by Shri Purohit Swami. Each source voice remains named.
Build the sentence from its parts
Read across once, then cover the meanings and recover them from the Sanskrit forms.
| Sanskrit form | Meaning here |
|---|---|
| yayā | in which |
| svapnam | dreaming |
| bhayam | fearing |
| śhokam | grieving |
| viṣhādam | despair |
| madam | conceit |
| eva | indeed |
| cha | and |
| na | not |
| vimuñchati | give up |
| durmedhā | unintelligent |
| dhṛitiḥ | resolve |
| sā | that |
| pārtha | Arjun, the son of Pritha |
| tāmasī | in the mode of ignorance |
The man who is an embodiment of darkness is made up of every possible kind of evil. He is inordinately addicted to sleep.
Attributed explanatory witness: Swami Sivananda. Chapter lens: Follow the great recapitulation through renunciation, action, knowledge, duty, devotion, refuge and Sañjaya’s conclusion.
Three named reading witnesses
Śaṅkara edition witness
Swami GambiranandaThat firmness is considered to be born of tamas, due to which a person with a corrupt intellect does not give up sleep, fear, sorrow, despondency, as well as sensuality.
Rāmānuja edition witness
Swami AdidevanandaThat Dhrti, by which a foolish person does not give up sleep, fear, grief, depression, and passion, O Arjuna, is of the nature of Tamas.
Sivananda commentary witness
Swami SivanandaThe man who is an embodiment of darkness is made up of every possible kind of evil. He is inordinately addicted to sleep.
These are concise, attributed reading witnesses from identified editions. They are presented for comparison and are not merged into one anonymous interpretation.
Meaning map
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- 1
And that which clings perversely to false idealism, fear, grief, despair
- 2
vanity is the product of ignorance
- 3
yayā: in which
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