Sandhi
Sanskrit words change shape where they meet. Put two together and see exactly what happens at the join, and which rule did it.
Join two words
A final m before any consonant becomes the anusvāra ṁ. Before a vowel it stays m.
Break a joined form apart
Only where the writing itself proves what happened. An avagraha is the clearest case: it marks a vowel that was dropped, so the original can be recovered with certainty.
Covered: external vowel sandhi, visarga sandhi, and final m. Not covered: internal sandhi, consonant assimilation across a junction, and the irregular pronouns such as saḥ and eṣaḥ, which behave differently and are better learned as exceptions than approximated here.
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