Complete learning edition. The Sanskrit source remains separate from attributed word meanings, translation, explanation and commentary witnesses. Diagrams and memory aids are study tools, not replacements for the source text.
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः। धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः।।1.23।।
yotsyamānān avekṣhe ’haṁ ya ete ’tra samāgatāḥ dhārtarāṣhṭrasya durbuddher yuddhe priya-chikīrṣhavaḥ
And gaze upon this array of soldiers, eager to please the sons of Dhritarashtra who are sinful.
English rendering by Shri Purohit Swami. Each source voice remains named.
Build the sentence from its parts
Read across once, then cover the meanings and recover them from the Sanskrit forms.
| Sanskrit form | Meaning here |
|---|---|
| yotsyamānān | those who have come to fight |
| avekṣhe aham | I desire to see |
| ye | who |
| ete | those |
| atra | here |
| samāgatāḥ | assembled |
| dhārtarāṣhṭrasya | of Dhritarashtra’s son |
| durbuddheḥ | evil-minded |
| yuddhe | in the fight |
| priya-chikīrṣhavaḥ | wishing to please |
For I desire to observe those who are assembled here to fight, wishing to please in battle the evil-minded Duryodhana:the son of Dhritarashtra.
Attributed explanatory witness: Swami Sivananda. Chapter lens: Map the battlefield, speakers, relationships and Arjuna’s reasons before reading later answers backward into the crisis.
Three named reading witnesses
Śaṅkara edition witness
Swami GambiranandaThese who have assembled here and want to accomplish in the war what is dear to the perverted son of Dhrtarastra, I find them to be intent on fighting.
Rāmānuja edition witness
Swami AdidevanandaI wish to see those gathered here ready to fight in this battle in order to please the evil-minded son of Dhrtarashtra.
Sivananda commentary witness
Swami SivanandaFor I desire to observe those who are assembled here to fight, wishing to please in battle the evil-minded Duryodhana:the son of Dhritarashtra.
These are concise, attributed reading witnesses from identified editions. They are presented for comparison and are not merged into one anonymous interpretation.
Meaning map
Follow the thought
- 1
And gaze upon this array of soldiers, eager to please the sons of Dhritarashtra who are sinful
- 2
yotsyamānān: those who have come to fight
- 3
samāgatāḥ: assembled
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Use the line starts: yotsyamānān avekṣhe / dhārtarāṣhṭrasya durbuddher.
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Map the battlefield, speakers, relationships and Arjuna’s reasons before reading later answers backward into the crisis.
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Three questions for this verse
- 1
Who speaks in this verse?
- 2
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- 3
Which emotion, observation or reason is expressed?
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