Complete learning edition. The Sanskrit source remains separate from attributed word meanings, translation, explanation and commentary witnesses. Diagrams and memory aids are study tools, not replacements for the source text.
पवनः पवतामस्मि रामः शस्त्रभृतामहम्। झषाणां मकरश्चास्मि स्रोतसामस्मि जाह्नवी।।10.31।।
pavanaḥ pavatām asmi rāmaḥ śhastra-bhṛitām aham jhaṣhāṇāṁ makaraśh chāsmi srotasām asmi jāhnavī
Of purifiers I am the wind, Râma of warriors am I; of fishes I am the shark, of streams I am Jâhnavi (the Ganges).
English rendering by Swami Swarupananda. Public domain first edition, 1909.
Build the sentence from its parts
Read across once, then cover the meanings and recover them from the Sanskrit forms.
| Sanskrit form | Meaning here |
|---|---|
| pavanaḥ | the wind |
| pavatām | of all that purifies |
| asmi | I am |
| rāmaḥ | Ram |
| śhastra-bhṛitām | of the carriers of weapons |
| aham | I am |
| jhaṣhāṇām | of all acquatics |
| makaraḥ | crocodile |
| cha | also |
| asmi | I am |
| srotasām | of flowing rivers |
| asmi | I am |
| jāhnavī | the Ganges |
Read the Sanskrit as a connected thought built from pavanaḥ (the wind), jhaṣhāṇām (of all acquatics), and jāhnavī (the Ganges). Ask what changes between the first and last term, and how that movement contributes to recognition of divine splendour. State the connection in your own words, then check it against Bhagavad-gita 10.31.
Original school explanation. Written independently from the Sanskrit word map. It is not a quotation, translation, or summary of a named modern commentary. Chapter lens: Move from the four-verse core to representative opulences without mistaking examples for an exhaustive inventory.
Five careful reading routes
The cards below are reading references, not claims about what an acharya says in this verse. Modern wording stays inside authorized editions. Classical commentary will appear only after an independent translation has passed scholarly and rights review.
Meaning map
Follow the thought
- 1
Of purifiers I am the wind, Râma of warriors am I
- 2
of fishes I am the shark, of streams I am Jâhnavi (the Ganges)
- 3
pavanaḥ: the wind
Look, link, cover, teach
Look
Picture divine splendour.
Link
Use the line starts: pavanaḥ pavatām / jhaṣhāṇāṁ makaraśh.
Cover
Hide the verse and rebuild one line at a time.
Teach
Explain the flow to another person without looking.
Circle repeated sounds, names, or grammatical endings before consulting a meaning.
Read one line aloud, cover it, and reconstruct as much as you can from memory.
Compare with a checked edition and record the source before adding any translation.
Build meaning without hiding the work
Move from the four-verse core to representative opulences without mistaking examples for an exhaustive inventory.
Mark forms you want to investigate
These are visual tokens, not a reviewed sandhi split. Select repeated forms, endings, compounds, particles or speaker markers; verify segmentation with the Sanskrit tools or a checked edition.
Three questions for this verse
- 1
Is this principle or example?
- 2
What domain does the example come from?
- 3
How does it point beyond itself?
Classify the verse as source claim, response, request, principle or example.
Attempt before comparison
Make revision visible
Assessment: read aloud, explain the verse’s role in its chapter, identify one source boundary, answer one question and schedule a return.
Turn this reading into a study record
Save it, return from memory, and write one idea in your own words. Your record stays in this browser unless you export it.
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
Bhagavad-gita As It IsFor Bhagavad-gita 10.31, consult the authorized BBT edition. No purport, translation, or author-attributed summary is reproduced here.
Find the authorized editionBhaktivinoda Thakura
Rasika-ranjanaA verified independent rendering for Bhagavad-gita 10.31 has not yet passed scholarly and rights review. Modern translations are not copied here.
Independent rendering pending reviewBaladeva Vidyabhushana
Gita-bhushana-bhashyaThe original work is classical. A newly commissioned or independently prepared translation for Bhagavad-gita 10.31 must be verified before publication.
Independent translation pending reviewVishvanatha Cakravarti Thakura
Sarartha-varshini-tikaThe original work is classical. A newly commissioned or independently prepared translation for Bhagavad-gita 10.31 must be verified before publication.
Independent translation pending reviewOther Gaudiya acharyas
Authorized Gaudiya editionsFor Bhagavad-gita 10.31, later teachers remain a further-reading route. Their wording and distinctive teaching structures require permission or a separate rights review.
Use an authorized edition