Complete learning edition. The Sanskrit source remains separate from attributed word meanings, translation, explanation and commentary witnesses. Diagrams and memory aids are study tools, not replacements for the source text.
लोभः प्रवृत्तिरारम्भः कर्मणामशमः स्पृहा।रजस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे भरतर्षभ।।14.12।।
lobhaḥ pravṛittir ārambhaḥ karmaṇām aśhamaḥ spṛihā rajasy etāni jāyante vivṛiddhe bharatarṣhabha
O best of Indians! Avarice, the impulse to act, and the beginning of action itself are all due to the dominance of passion.
English rendering by Shri Purohit Swami. Each source voice remains named.
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Read across once, then cover the meanings and recover them from the Sanskrit forms.
| Sanskrit form | Meaning here |
|---|---|
| lobhaḥ | greed |
| pravṛittiḥ | activity |
| ārambhaḥ | exertion |
| karmaṇām | for fruitive actions |
| aśhamaḥ | restlessness |
| spṛihā | craving |
| rajasi | of the mode of passion |
| etāni | these |
| jāyante | develop |
| vivṛiddhe | when predominates |
| bharata-ṛiṣhabha | the best of the Bharatas, Arjun |
Greed Covetousness Desire to appropriate the property of others a desire to possess more wealth though one has sufficient already. Asamah Restlessness being agitated by joy, attachment, etc.
Attributed explanatory witness: Swami Sivananda. Chapter lens: Study how the three guṇas arise, bind, become visible in effects and are related to a response beyond identification.
Three named reading witnesses
Śaṅkara edition witness
Swami GambiranandaO best of the Bharata dynasty, when rajas becomes predominant, these come into being: avarice, restlessness, undertaking of actions, agitation, and craving.
Rāmānuja edition witness
Swami AdidevanandaGreed, activity, undertaking of work, restlessness, and longing:these arise, O Arjuna, when Rajas predominates.
Sivananda commentary witness
Swami SivanandaGreed Covetousness Desire to appropriate the property of others a desire to possess more wealth though one has sufficient already. Asamah Restlessness being agitated by joy, attachment, etc.
These are concise, attributed reading witnesses from identified editions. They are presented for comparison and are not merged into one anonymous interpretation.
Meaning map
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- 1
O best of Indians! Avarice, the impulse to act
- 2
the beginning of action itself are all due to the dominance of passion
- 3
lobhaḥ: greed
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Study how the three guṇas arise, bind, become visible in effects and are related to a response beyond identification.
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Three questions for this verse
- 1
Which guṇa or combination is described?
- 2
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- 3
What response to the modes is presented?
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