Complete learning edition. The Sanskrit source remains separate from attributed word meanings, translation, explanation and commentary witnesses. Diagrams and memory aids are study tools, not replacements for the source text.
श्री भगवानुवाच अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिः ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः। दानं दमश्च यज्ञश्च स्वाध्यायस्तप आर्जवम्।।16.1।।
śhrī-bhagavān uvācha abhayaṁ sattva-sanśhuddhir jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitiḥ dānaṁ damaśh cha yajñaśh cha svādhyāyas tapa ārjavam
Lord Shri Krishna continued: Fearlessness, clean living, unceasing concentration on wisdom, readiness to give, self-control, a spirit of sacrifice, regular study of the scriptures, austerity, candor,
English rendering by Shri Purohit Swami. Each source voice remains named.
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Read across once, then cover the meanings and recover them from the Sanskrit forms.
| Sanskrit form | Meaning here |
|---|---|
| śhrī-bhagavān uvācha | the Supreme Divine Personality said |
| abhayam | fearlessness |
| sattva-sanśhuddhiḥ | purity of mind |
| jñāna | knowledge |
| yoga | spiritual |
| vyavasthitiḥ | steadfastness |
| dānam | charity |
| damaḥ | control of the senses |
| cha | and |
| yajñaḥ | performance of sacrifice |
| cha | and |
| svādhyāyaḥ | study of sacred books |
| tapaḥ | austerity |
| ārjavam | straightforwardness |
The Lord made a mention of the three kinds of Nature that belong to sentient beings, viz., the nature of the gods, Asuras and Rakshasas, in the ninth discourse (verses 12 and 13). He now describes them in detail in this discourse.
Attributed explanatory witness: Swami Sivananda. Chapter lens: Compare divine and destructive dispositions, their actions and consequences without converting the lists into weapons for judging others.
Three named reading witnesses
Śaṅkara edition witness
Swami GambiranandaThe Blessed Lord said: Fearlessness, purity of mind, persistence in knowledge and yoga, charity, control of the external organs, sacrifice, scriptural study, austerity, and rectitude.
Rāmānuja edition witness
Swami AdidevanandaThe Lord said, "Fearlessness, purity of mind, devotion to meditation on the knowledge of the self, alms-giving, self-control, worship, study of the Vedas, austerity, and uprightness:
Sivananda commentary witness
Swami SivanandaThe Lord made a mention of the three kinds of Nature that belong to sentient beings, viz., the nature of the gods, Asuras and Rakshasas, in the ninth discourse (verses 12 and 13). He now describes them in detail in this discourse.
These are concise, attributed reading witnesses from identified editions. They are presented for comparison and are not merged into one anonymous interpretation.
Meaning map
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- 1
Lord Shri Krishna continued
- 2
Fearlessness, clean living, unceasing concentration on wisdom, readiness to give, self-control, a spirit of sacrifice, regular study of the scriptures, austerity, candor,
- 3
śhrī-bhagavān uvācha: the Supreme Divine Personality said
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Compare divine and destructive dispositions, their actions and consequences without converting the lists into weapons for judging others.
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- 2
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- 3
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