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Complete source-study edition. The ancient Sanskrit and transliteration are followed by a full observation, comparison, learner-rendering and teach-back lesson. No unreviewed English line is presented as authoritative; use an identified edition or teacher when meaning turns on a contested reading.

BG 18.44

कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं वैश्यकर्म स्वभावजम्।परिचर्यात्मकं कर्म शूद्रस्यापि स्वभावजम्।।18.44।।

kṛiṣhi-gau-rakṣhya-vāṇijyaṁ vaiśhya-karma svabhāva-jam paricharyātmakaṁ karma śhūdrasyāpi svabhāva-jam

Notice

Circle repeated sounds, names, or grammatical endings before consulting a meaning.

Attempt

Read one line aloud, cover it, and reconstruct as much as you can from memory.

Verify

Compare with a checked edition and record the source before adding any translation.

Complete source-study lessonAutosaves locally

Build meaning without hiding the work

Follow the great recapitulation through renunciation, action, knowledge, duty, devotion, refuge and Sañjaya’s conclusion.

Observation before explanation

Mark forms you want to investigate

These are visual tokens, not a reviewed sandhi split. Select repeated forms, endings, compounds, particles or speaker markers; verify segmentation with the Sanskrit tools or a checked edition.

Chapter inquiry

Three questions for this verse

  1. 1

    Which earlier teaching is being gathered?

  2. 2

    What decision or orientation is requested?

  3. 3

    Who speaks and how close is the dialogue to its conclusion?

Transfer task

Place the verse on a conclusion map: recap, distinction, instruction, response or witness.

Learner rendering

Attempt before comparison

Correction and teach-back

Make revision visible

Assessment: read aloud, explain the verse’s role in its chapter, identify one source boundary, answer one question and schedule a return.

Keep what you learned

Turn this reading into a study record

Save it, return from memory, and write one idea in your own words. Your record stays in this browser unless you export it.

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The learning rhythm

Every lesson moves from receiving to sharing

See the method
  1. 01Encounter
  2. 02Recall
  3. 03Apply
  4. 04Discuss
  5. 05Teach
  6. 06Return