Complete learning edition. The Sanskrit source remains separate from attributed word meanings, translation, explanation and commentary witnesses. Diagrams and memory aids are study tools, not replacements for the source text.
मोघाशा मोघकर्माणो मोघज्ञाना विचेतसः। राक्षसीमासुरीं चैव प्रकृतिं मोहिनीं श्रिताः।।9.12।।
moghāśhā mogha-karmāṇo mogha-jñānā vichetasaḥ rākṣhasīm āsurīṁ chaiva prakṛitiṁ mohinīṁ śhritāḥ
Their hopes are futile, their actions worthless, their knowledge ineffective; they are without sense, deceitful, barbaric, and godless.
English rendering by Shri Purohit Swami. Each source voice remains named.
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Read across once, then cover the meanings and recover them from the Sanskrit forms.
| Sanskrit form | Meaning here |
|---|---|
| mogha-āśhāḥ | of vain hopes |
| mogha-karmāṇaḥ | of vain actions |
| mogha-jñānāḥ | of baffled knowledge |
| vichetasaḥ | deluded |
| rākṣhasīm | demoniac |
| āsurīm | atheistic |
| cha | and |
| eva | certainly |
| prakṛitim | material energy |
| mohinīm | bewildered |
| śhritāḥ | take shelter |
They entertain vain hopes, for there can be no hope in perishable forms. It is vain hope because they run after transient objects and miss the Eternal.
Attributed explanatory witness: Swami Sivananda. Chapter lens: Observe the chapter’s first-person claims, the relation between Kṛṣṇa and the world, different forms of worship and accessible devotion.
Three named reading witnesses
Śaṅkara edition witness
Swami GambiranandaPossessed of vain hopes, vain actions, vain knowledge, and senselessness, they become verily possessed of the deceptive disposition of fiends and demons.
Rāmānuja edition witness
Swami AdidevanandaSenseless people have a nature that is deluding and similar to that of rakshasas and asuras. Their hopes are futile, their actions are futile, and their knowledge is futile.
Sivananda commentary witness
Swami SivanandaThey entertain vain hopes, for there can be no hope in perishable forms. It is vain hope because they run after transient objects and miss the Eternal.
These are concise, attributed reading witnesses from identified editions. They are presented for comparison and are not merged into one anonymous interpretation.
Meaning map
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- 1
Their hopes are futile, their actions worthless, their knowledge ineffective
- 2
they are without sense, deceitful, barbaric
- 3
mogha-āśhāḥ: of vain hopes
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Observe the chapter’s first-person claims, the relation between Kṛṣṇa and the world, different forms of worship and accessible devotion.
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- 1
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- 2
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- 3
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