Complete learning edition. The Sanskrit source remains separate from attributed word meanings, translation, explanation and commentary witnesses. Diagrams and memory aids are study tools, not replacements for the source text.
गतिर्भर्ता प्रभुः साक्षी निवासः शरणं सुहृत्। प्रभवः प्रलयः स्थानं निधानं बीजमव्ययम्।।9.18।।
gatir bhartā prabhuḥ sākṣhī nivāsaḥ śharaṇaṁ suhṛit prabhavaḥ pralayaḥ sthānaṁ nidhānaṁ bījam avyayam
I am the goal, the sustainer, the Lord, the witness, the home, the shelter, the lover, and the origin; I am life and death; I am the fountain and the imperishable seed.
English rendering by Shri Purohit Swami. Each source voice remains named.
Build the sentence from its parts
Read across once, then cover the meanings and recover them from the Sanskrit forms.
| Sanskrit form | Meaning here |
|---|---|
| gatiḥ | the supreme goal |
| bhartā | sustainer |
| prabhuḥ | master |
| sākṣhī | witness |
| nivāsaḥ | abode |
| śharaṇam | shelter |
| su-hṛit | friend |
| prabhavaḥ | the origin |
| pralayaḥ | dissolution |
| sthānam | store house |
| nidhānam | resting place |
| bījam | seed |
| avyayam | imperishable |
He who nourishes and supports is the huand. I am the witness of the good and evil actions done by the Jivas (individuals).
Attributed explanatory witness: Swami Sivananda. Chapter lens: Observe the chapter’s first-person claims, the relation between Kṛṣṇa and the world, different forms of worship and accessible devotion.
Three named reading witnesses
Śaṅkara edition witness
Swami GambiranandaI am the fruit of actions, the nourisher, the Lord, witness, abode, refuge, friend, origin, end, foundation, store, and the imperishable seed.
Rāmānuja edition witness
Swami AdidevanandaI am the goal, the supporter, the Lord, the witness, the abode, the refuge, and the friend. I am the origin, the dissolution, the basis for preservation, and the imperishable seed.
Sivananda commentary witness
Swami SivanandaHe who nourishes and supports is the huand. I am the witness of the good and evil actions done by the Jivas (individuals).
These are concise, attributed reading witnesses from identified editions. They are presented for comparison and are not merged into one anonymous interpretation.
Meaning map
Follow the thought
- 1
I am the goal, the sustainer, the Lord, the witness, the home, the shelter, the lover
- 2
I am life and death
- 3
I am the fountain and the imperishable seed
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Observe the chapter’s first-person claims, the relation between Kṛṣṇa and the world, different forms of worship and accessible devotion.
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Three questions for this verse
- 1
What first-person claim is made?
- 2
How are the world and worshipper related?
- 3
What action of devotion is invited?
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