Complete learning edition. The Sanskrit source remains separate from attributed word meanings, translation, explanation and commentary witnesses. Diagrams and memory aids are study tools, not replacements for the source text.
तपाम्यहमहं वर्षं निगृह्णाम्युत्सृजामि च। अमृतं चैव मृत्युश्च सदसच्चाहमर्जुन।।9.19।।
tapāmyaham ahaṁ varṣhaṁ nigṛihṇāmyutsṛijāmi cha amṛitaṁ chaiva mṛityuśh cha sad asach chāham arjuna
I am the heat of the sun, I release and withhold the rain. I am death and immortality; I am being and non-being.
English rendering by Shri Purohit Swami. Each source voice remains named.
Build the sentence from its parts
Read across once, then cover the meanings and recover them from the Sanskrit forms.
| Sanskrit form | Meaning here |
|---|---|
| tapāmi | radiate heat |
| aham | I |
| aham | I |
| varṣham | rain |
| nigṛihṇāmi | withhold |
| utsṛijāmi | send forth |
| cha | and |
| amṛitam | immortality |
| cha | and |
| eva | also |
| mṛityuḥ | death |
| cha | and |
| sat | eternal spirit |
| asat | temporary matter |
| cha | and |
| aham | I |
| arjuna | Arjun |
I radiate heat in the form of the sun. I send forth the rain in the form of Indra in the rainy season and I take it back during the rest of the year.
Attributed explanatory witness: Swami Sivananda. Chapter lens: Observe the chapter’s first-person claims, the relation between Kṛṣṇa and the world, different forms of worship and accessible devotion.
Three named reading witnesses
Śaṅkara edition witness
Swami GambiranandaO Arjuna, I give heat, I withhold and pour down rain; I am verily the nectar, and also death, existence, and non-existence.
Rāmānuja edition witness
Swami AdidevanandaI give heat, I withhold and send forth the rain; I am immortality and also death, O Arjuna. I am the being and the non-being.
Sivananda commentary witness
Swami SivanandaI radiate heat in the form of the sun. I send forth the rain in the form of Indra in the rainy season and I take it back during the rest of the year.
These are concise, attributed reading witnesses from identified editions. They are presented for comparison and are not merged into one anonymous interpretation.
Meaning map
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- 1
I am the heat of the sun, I release and withhold the rain
- 2
I am death and immortality
- 3
I am being and non-being
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Observe the chapter’s first-person claims, the relation between Kṛṣṇa and the world, different forms of worship and accessible devotion.
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Three questions for this verse
- 1
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- 2
How are the world and worshipper related?
- 3
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